Black Hills

The Black Hills are a mountain range in present-day South Dakota and protruding into Wyoming. Today, they hold contain Custer State Park, which is a bit ironic, and more famously, Mount Rushmore. However, to the Native Americans, namely the Lakota tribe, they were considered sacred and thought to be where the great spirit resided. Crazy Horse, a supposedly invincible war chief of the time, was said to have been blessed by the Black Hills, which was why no arrow nor bullet could harm him. It was also part of the land prescribed to the Native Americans in the Laramie Treaty, as there was no way the Natives would give up something as beholden and precious as the Black Hills without dying for it first. Eventually, however, after years of gradual assimilation and encroachment by the whites, the Black Hills was taken by settlers and the Natives were forced into special reservations.

Former Slaves

A reconstruction plan were being commenced by Andrew Johnson. Once they were in a process of the rules and limit the power that a state can use in the U.S, they would be able to elect a new state government and would make the Thirteenth Amendment official to the constitution. One of the amendment would be, putting an end to slavery. Johnson would also granted freedman to vote in the southern states. But before slaves were on the process on being set free, they could never go home to their families for home cooked meals, to see their wife/children and they would need permission from their owner to do that. Obtaining freedom was like a dream to them, it meant that they could pursue to do something instead of being stuck working for someone else, this means that children can get educated and pursue a dream.

Sitting Bull

1831-1890 Sitting Bull

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Sitting Bull's Signature
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Sitting Bull, who was a Hunkpapa Lakota leader, fought with his people against the US government policies within the 1870s.
 


After the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, one of the most significant and victorious battles for the Native Americans, Sitting Bull's leadership rose due to his bravery and prophecies of Indian Victories. The US army responded to this battle a year later in 1877. The government's soldiers force many of the Lakota's to surrender; however, Sitting Bull refused to back down and led his band to Wood Mountian. He would stay there until 1881, at which most of his band and many other Indians began assimilating into the American culture.







Joining the white Culture, sitting bull worked as a performer in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show. Later he would move to the Standing Rocks Indian Reservation in South Dakota; however, in fear that Sitting Bull would begin Radical Indian movements, the Indian Agency police killed him on December 15th, 1890.

Crazy Horse

The crazy horse was a Native American in Oglala he was also the leader. He was know as the Curly as a young child. He took up arms against the United States federal government to fight against encroached by white Americans.

Slavery

In 1863, the war effectively ended the slavery even before ratification of the 13th Amendment. Even though slaves were "freed" they still didn't have certain rights and whites that didn't want them to be freed blacks still got harmed. For example blacks were kind of being forced to have families because that gave whites more slaves, eventually the whites would separate the families and they would never get reunited again.

Crazy Horse of Oglala Lakota

Crazy Horse was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota in the 19th century. He took up arms against the US federal government to fight against encroachment by white American settlers on Indian territory and to preserve the traditional way of life of the Lakota people. His participation in several famous battles of the American Indian Wars on the northern Great Plains, among them the Fetterman massacre in 1866, in which he acted as a decoy, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, in which he led a war party to victory, earned him great respect from both his enemies and his own people. In September 1877, four months after surrendering to US troops under General George Crook, Crazy Horse was fatally wounded by a bayonet-wielding military guard while allegedly resisting imprisonment at Camp Robinson in present-day Nebraska. He ranks among the most notable and iconic of Native American warriors.

Race Riots: Memphis

The Memphis Race Riots

After the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau in the same year, 

there were significant acts of violence against the newly freedmen. The goal of these massacres and acts of violence were to reestablish the white race as superior and the only race that deserved rights. After legislation made it a law for freed slaves to be treated the same under the law and to be considered citizens just as white people were, the outrage of these white citizens exploded. The Memphis race riot of 1866 lasted for 3 days as the Reconstruction continued to strengthen the tensions between the freed African-Americans and the white citizens. Black communities were burned, robbed, and destroyed by angry white people. Black women were raped, and black men and women were killed, robbed, and injured. Entire communities were ravaged by upset plantation owners and former slave owners who did not agree with the newfound freedom that was given to their former slaves.